Realistic painter, born in Johannesburg, Transvaal Province, South Africa, where she attended Roedean School. She gained her master’s degree in literature at Oxford University in 1925 and from 1925–6 studied at Westminster School of Art. She then moved to Paris, from 1926–32 studying at various schools, including L’Académie de la Grande Chaumière, and learning from Naoum Aronson, Georges Desvallières, Maurice Denis, Othon Friesz and Roger Bissière. Began to exhibit in Paris alone and in mixed company, also in Cape Town and London, having a first British solo exhibition at Mayor Gallery, 1935, and with the LG, 1937 and 1939. Having moved to London shortly before World War II, she decided to return to South Africa from 1941–6, where she was a member of the New Group and had many solo exhibitions.