Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021) was a Nottingham-based painter. Her family moved from India to the UK when she was 10, and she subsequently studied at Cardiff College of Art and Design, and then Birmingham Polytechnic. During her lifetime, Sikand's work was mainly interpreted via her use of Hindu iconography and her stated interest in Kaligat and Mithila painting from Bengal and rural Bihar respectively. While certainly important, the prioritisation of these 'South Asian' framings left little opportunity to consider Sikand's work in relation to other artistic practices or lineages. Using works acquired by public collections during her lifetime, this curation will reflect on how Sikand's paintings weave together diverse referents and complex subjectivities.
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The Glance 1991
The Glance, 1991, presents two differently scaled figures in an indeterminate landscape. On the left, a full-length standing figure is rendered in horizontal stripes, with four arms and five heads. To the right, in the foreground, is a female figure. She stands holding her palms towards her striped face, which is depicted three times, as though looking and moving so quickly from left to right as to blur and reproduce her features. Sikand reflected on her striped figures in 2001 stating, 'I like to think of these figures not as naked but as dressed in paint. … I suppose this reflects my interest in the relationship between the figure I originally was, or might have been, and the patterns of culture I currently wear'.
Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021)
Gouache on paper
H 52.2 x W 62.5 cm
Wolverhampton Arts and Heritage
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Striped Heads 1994
Striped Heads presents a figure in black and white chequered clothing, with five vertically striped heads, standing alongside a kneeling nude female figure who appears to be juggling twelve heads. The presentation of multiple heads in this circular formation was highly unusual in Sikand's work. The figures seem to be in a dream-like setting, although a tree is present on the left of the painting, and a yellow-orange sun may be identified. In 1992, Sikand explained her non-naturalistic depiction of the human figure, stating, 'My work attempts to explore images and concepts from Hindu religious mythology through painting and drawing. My attention currently focuses on the guises adopted by the multi-headed, many-limbed beings from Hinduism'.
Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021)
Gouache on paper
H 20.8 x W 29.4 cm
Nottingham City Museums & Galleries
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Woman in Landscape with Floating Head 1994
In this painting Sikand establishes a complex set of relations between two standing figures and the chequered hillscape in which they are positioned, while on the right, a large staring face seems to hover above the ground, providing a sense of the uncanny. Sikand's composition points to her interest in Paul Klee's modernist landscape paintings from the 1920s, which are made up of shape and colour. In 1985, Sikand explained, 'My work is about contrast: contrasts of colour and of design; of patterned areas with flat areas; of positive and negative, creative and destructive forces'.
Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021)
The New Art Gallery Walsall
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Cityscape 1994
The bust of a woman dominates the centre of this painting. Her chin is tilted to the right, and as she gazes upwards beyond the frame, she seems preoccupied with her own thoughts. To her left, a smaller disembodied head looks at her. Despite the strangeness of this scenario, Sikand has created a sense of serenity in her figures, which is contrasted with the busy, chequered landscape and geometric cityscape behind them. Here, intuition and empathy are prioritised over rationality and reason, perhaps reflecting Sikand's interest in cosmic energies and the creation of magical worlds. As such, Cityscape, may also manifest Sikand's interest in the vibrant and topsy-turvy worlds depicted by Marc Chagall during the 1920s.
Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021)
The New Art Gallery Walsall
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Figure and Head 1994
In 1994, Sikand painted several works, including Figure and Head, which set an enlarged disembodied head alongside a female figure who appears in contemplation. In this painting, the upside-down, chalky-white floating head, which may be a mask, is unsettling; it not only seemingly interrupts the woman's meditative moment, but it also upsets the tonal harmony of the painting. Here, Sikand has created a dissonant, surreal image that recalls the work of Paul Nash. During the 1930s Nash was interested in how ancient English sites such as the White Horse of Avebury and Stonehenge were endowed with power beyond conscious comprehension. Here Sikand's white mask perhaps exists as a primeval relic or totem.
Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021)
Gouache on paper
H 28.5 x W 40.5 cm
Arts Council Collection, Southbank Centre
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Untitled II 1994
To the right of Untitled II, is a woman dressed in a red and blue chequered dress. Placed within a non-distinct, hazy landscape, it is possible that the figures to her left are manifestations of her imagination: a translucently rendered five-headed woman stands supporting a smaller, scaled, female figure who appears to be standing on the belly of a third figure, who is lying on the woman's lap. Sikand's simplified, often androgynous human forms have been linked to her interest in the figurative artistic traditions of the female Mithila artists of rural Bihar, India. Here Sikand seems to be meditating on the many roles undertaken by women across the globe, and how identities exist within a constant state of flux and metamorphosis.
Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021)
Gouache on paper
H 34 x W 41.7 cm
Arts Council Collection, Southbank Centre
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Landscape with Woman and Trees 1994
In Landscape with Woman and Trees a nude, seated woman is positioned between a cluster of trees and a large, floating head. This painting has been interpreted through references to depictions of Buddha achieving enlightenment while seated under a tree, as well as depictions of Hindu deities in eighteenth-century Indian Kalighat painting. But in 1995, Sikand explained that she used those references as starting points, and that 'Although the figures are important, it’s the space they inhabit in the landscape and how to make the whole painting work that also matters now'. Sikand's interest in objects and people in relation, set in still landscapes may reflect her interest in Paul Nash's work from the 1930s and 1940s.
Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021)
Watercolour & gouache on paper
H 28 x W 40.3 cm
Bradford Museums and Galleries
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The Doll 1994
From September 1993 to April 1994 Gurminder Sikand was an artist in residence at the University of Nottingham, which culminated in a solo exhibition in the University gallery titled 'Wonderings in Paint' 9 April – 6 May 1994. The Doll was painted during this period and was included in that show. Sikand's exhibition coincided with a display of etchings by Paula Rego, and arguably this curatorial pairing helps contextualise Sikand's work through feminist approaches to figurative painting, and an interest in childhood and psychoanalysis. Rego was renowned for her works exploring interpersonal dynamics, and in this painting Sikand presents a complex portrait of the self and its other, while an unknown force looks on from behind a tree in the distance.
Gurminder Sikand (1960–2021)
Watercolour & gouache on paper
H 30 x W 42 cm
Bradford Museums and Galleries
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Afterword
These eight paintings offer a focused view of Gurminder Sikand's artistic practice between 1991–1994. During her lifetime her work was too often pigeonholed according to her ethnicity, and narrowly discussed solely in relation to her interest in South Asian visual culture. However, seeing her paintings together here allows for a broader consideration of her influences and thematic concerns. Looking again at Sikand's work it is possible to move towards a richer, more dynamic, more diverse understanding of her artistic practice.
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Further reading
Gurminder Sikand, Artist's Statement, Eastern Views, exhibition pamphlet, 1985, unpaginated. Panchayat Collection, Tate Archive
Gurminder Sikand, Artist's Statement, The Circular Dance, exhibition catalogue, Bristol: Arnolfini, 1992, p.20
Gurminder Sikand, as cited in Pauline Lucas, 'Eyes on the Body; Pauline Lucas interviews Gurminder Sikand', Women's Art Magazine, Jan–Feb 1995 (62), p.31
Gurminder Sikand, 'The Patterns of Culture I Currently Wear', in Amal Ghosh and Juginder Lamba (eds.), Beyond Frontiers: Contemporary British Art by Artists of South Asian descent, London: Saffron Press, 2001, pp.214–217