Fanny Cornforth was discovered by the Pre-Raphaelite artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti as she had dinner at an event celebrating Florence Nightingale's return from the Crimean War. From that point onwards, she became one of the most divisive characters in Pre-Raphaelite art history. Rossetti's friends found her common and abrasive and his subsequent biographers labelled her a lying, thieving, illiterate sex worker whose worst crime was to become fat and old. Fanny Cornforth was actually a resourceful, compassionate woman who nursed Rossetti during his severe periods of mental illness and was generous to her fellow models. It is time to appreciate a woman who was as clever, caring and cheerful as she was beautiful.

11 artworks
  • Study for Found

    When artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti was searching for a model for his fallen woman in the painting Found, he came across Fanny Cornforth, eating dinner at Florence Nightingale’s celebration. He took hold of her hair pins and released her tumble of hair, declaring her to be beautiful. Rossetti asked Fanny to visit his studio the next day and drew her as the shamed love of a young farmer - On a trip to London to sell a white calf, the farmer sees his lost beloved and he seizes her, but she shies away from him, embarrassed of her fallen state. Fanny’s carefree, easy nature was in stark contrast to the shamed woman and possibly influenced the way Rossetti subsequently saw women's sexuality. The painting remained unfinished at his death.

    Found c.1854
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Oil on panel
    H 30.3 x W 35.8 cm
    Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery
    Found
    Image credit: Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery

  • Lucrezia Borgia

    When Rossetti married fellow artist and poet Elizabeth Siddal in 1860, he promised to renounce all other models apart from her. Possibly one of his last images of Fanny before this split was this jewel-like watercolour of Fanny as Lucrezia Borgia, washing her hands as she poisons her guests. Arguably, it works such as this and Lady Lilith, the witch-wife of Adam, that led people to believe Fanny was as wicked as the parts she played.

    Lucrezia Borgia 1860–1861
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Graphite & watercolour on paper
    H 43.8 x W 25.8 cm
    Tate
    Lucrezia Borgia
    Image credit: Tate

  • The Backgammon Players

    When Rossetti married in 1860, Fanny sought out other artists to model for, including Edward Burne-Jones. Fanny had met Burne-Jones through Rossetti and between 1860 and 1861, Fanny frequently modelled for him in paintings such as Sidonia Von Bork and Merlin and Nimue. Despite playing the villain in many of his works, Fanny is always presented as seductive and tempting. Later in his life, Burne-Jones tended to fear and ridicule fat women which makes the year when Fanny was arguably his primary muse so interesting.

    The Backgammon Players 1861
    Edward Burne-Jones (1833–1898)
    Black chalk with bodycolour on paper
    H 60.2 x W 102.9 cm
    The Fitzwilliam Museum
    The Backgammon Players
    Image credit: The Fitzwilliam Museum

  • Study for Fair Rosamund

    When Dante Gabriel Rossetti married artist and poet Elizabeth Siddal in 1860, he promised her he would not use any other model but her. Unsurprisingly, Rossetti was back using his previous models within a year of marriage. He choice the subject of Fair Rosamund for his first depiction of Fanny after his marriage.

    Fanny Cornforth 1861
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Coloured chalks on paper
    H 32.2 x W 25.9 cm
    The Higgins Bedford
    Fanny Cornforth
    Image credit: The Higgins Bedford

  • Fair Rosamund

    Fair Rosamund, or Rosamund Clifford was the mistress of King Henry II. Legend was that he built her a secret tower as a love nest where he could follow a silken thread to find her. Rossetti shows the flush-cheeked girl awaiting her lover, as she looks impatiently out of the window for him. Unfortunately for Rosamund, Queen Eleanor also followed the thread and discovered her rival, who she poisoned.

    Fair Rosamund 1861
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Oil on canvas
    H 51.9 x W 41.7 cm
    Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales
    Fair Rosamund
    Image credit: Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales

  • Fanny Cornforth

    After Elizabeth Siddal’s death, Fanny went to live with Rossetti in his new home Tudor House, Chelsea. There he drew her as she sewed, ate and relaxed, with her glorious head of hair on display.

    Fanny Cornforth
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Graphite on paper
    H 38.9 x W 35.6 cm
    The Fitzwilliam Museum
    Fanny Cornforth
    Image credit: The Fitzwilliam Museum

  • Fanny Cornforth - A Portrait Head

    In an unusually hard pencil sketch of her, Rossetti shows Fanny as pensive and determined rather than the woman of pleasure he normally painted.

    Fanny Cornforth – A Portrait Head
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Graphite on paper
    H 23 x W 16 cm
    Southend Museums Service
    Fanny Cornforth – A Portrait Head
    Image credit: Southend Museums Service

  • Study for Venus Verticordia

    Conceived during a trip to Paris, Rossetti originally intended Venus Verticordia (or Venus the Turner of Hearts) to be a painting of Fanny holding an arrow and an apple. After a few years of grappling with the subject, Rossetti decided Fanny was not commercial enough and brought in a selection of other models, including an extremely tall cook. Finally, he chose Alexa Wilding, whose face graces the oil painting owned by the Russell-Cotes Art Gallery and Museum in Bournemouth.

    Study for 'Venus Verticordia' c.1863–c.1864
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Graphite on paper
    H 50.5 x W 36.9 cm
    The Courtauld, London (Samuel Courtauld Trust)

  • Aurelia (Fazio's Mistress)

    When Rossetti scraped away and repainted parts of Fazio’s Mistress in 1873, he reassured Fanny he had left the face intact as it was so like her. In the painting, Fanny plays a woman of wealth and leisure, surrounded by her luxurious objects as she plaits her hair before a mirror.

    Aurelia (Fazio's Mistress) 1863–1873
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Oil on mahogany
    H 43.2 x W 36.8 cm
    Tate
    Aurelia (Fazio's Mistress)
    Image credit: Tate

  • The Blue Bower

    In his last major oil painting of Fanny, Rossetti painted her as a woman of luxury, in a tiled, floral bower, plucking at a koto. Her sea-green robe is fur-lined and in her hair is a comb of enamelled, jewelled metal. She is another precious object that Rossetti the collector has placed in his room, beautiful and valuable. Sadly, after this point, Rossetti's patron Frederick Leyland did not want Fanny's face in the art he bought, so Rossetti changed to the icy perfection of Alexa Wilding. However, Rossetti continued to draw Fanny in pencil and chalk up until 1874.

    The Blue Bower 1865
    Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882)
    Oil on canvas
    H 84 x W 70.9 cm
    The Barber Institute of Fine Arts
    The Blue Bower
    Image credit: The Henry Barber Trust, The Barber Institute of Fine Arts, University of Birmingham

  • Fanny Cornforth II

    Fanny remains as inspirational to modern artists as she did to Rossetti. Karen Jones’s series of dreamscapes of Fanny and her trip to the seaside, combining the life of the muse with the parts she played in art. Despite being an annoyance to her contemporaries who couldn’t see how their hero Rossetti could love such a common, uneducated woman, to modern eyes, Fanny’s determination to tread her own path and follow her heart seems authentic and relatable. Her love for Rossetti, remaining by his side through his years of mental illness, shows her compassion and loyalty, despite the abuse she received from Rossetti’s friends and admirers.

    Fanny Cornforth II 2010
    Karen Jones (active 2010)
    Acrylic on board (?)
    H 100 x W 60 cm
    Southend Museums Service
    Fanny Cornforth II
    © the copyright holder. Image credit: Southend Museums Service