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Although the victory at Trafalgar, 21 October 1805, was a cause for national celebration, for Britain it also resulted in the loss of Nelson. His death at the height of his fame inspired a cult of hero-worship and images of Nelson were used to elevate him. Similarly the function of this apotheosis was to use allegory to this end. West has adapted the classical reading of an apotheosis to emphasise both heroism and sacrifice. He has reinforced the message by creating a composition expressing Nelson's nautical achievements. Nelson is positioned with the gods and receiving immortality, his dead body being offered up to Britannia by Neptune. Britannia is shown in shadow to denote the grief of the nation. The smoke and ferocity of battle rages on the right.
Born in Pennsylvania, West began his artistic career painting portraits but soon moved to historical subjects. He believed that historical accuracy was less important than immortalising his subject in a heroic pose.
Title
The Immortality of Nelson
Date
1807
Medium
oil on canvas
Measurements
H 90.8 x W 76.2 cm
Accession number
BHC2905
Acquisition method
National Maritime Museum (Greenwich Hospital Collection)
Work type
Painting