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Notes

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The sitter’s neat dress and hair style subvert the viewer’s expectations of the looser, more bohemian clothing and headscarf that the artist favoured in his early ‘gypsy’ paintings, for which his sister Sarah often modelled. It is possible that this work was incorrectly titled at some point. Kramer was born into a Ukrainian-Jewish family in 1892 and came to Leeds as a boy. He studied at Leeds School of Art and briefly at the Slade School of Art, London, where he mixed with fellow ‘Whitechapel Boys’ including David Bomberg. He exhibited with the radical Vorticist group in 1915. After the death of his father in 1916, Kramer returned to his home city, teaching at Leeds and Bradford art schools and becoming a well known local personality.