John Hughlings Jackson (1835–1911), neurologist, was apprenticed to a doctor in York, and attended the York Medical and Surgical School. From there he went to St Bartholomew's Hospital and was appointed to the staff of the Metropolitan Free Hospital and was lecturer on pathology at the London Hospital in 1859. The great opportunity of his career were appoints at the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic and at the London Hospital. It was by his work at these two hospitals, during the next 30 years, that Hughlings Jackson laid the foundations of modern neurology and became himself the greatest living neurologist. He was one of the first to recognise the possibilities of the ophthalmoscope and, in association with Stephen Mackenzie, to recommend it as part of every physician's equipment.