Painter, and teacher, of colourful, gestural abstracts, born in what is now western Malaysia. He studied, 1966–70, there at the Tan Guan-Hin Chinese Painting School, then at Glasgow School of Art, 1970–4. Lectured there, 1977–9, then in Chinese and abstract painting for the Scottish Arts Council, 1979–94. Gained a commendation of merit, Robert Colquhoun Memorial Exhibition, 1980; chosen by the Foreign Office in 1995 to be the subject of a My Britain documentary film; and in 1997 was selected by Artists for Nature Foundation to visit India and observe tigers in the wild state, resulting in his solo show at Davies & Tooth, 1998. He showed widely in group exhibitions internationally, other major solo shows including a retrospective, 369 Gallery, Edinburgh, 1988.