Non-representational sculptor and draughtsman, and teacher, born in London, who studied at Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts and Slade School of Fine Art. He was senior lecturer at Portsmouth College of Art, 1956–8; head of sculpture at Portsmouth Polytechnic, 1968–78; visiting artist at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, 1977–8; and from 1978 professor, department of fine arts, at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Group exhibitions included Experiment in Form, Grosvenor Gallery, and WAC touring show Structure ’66, both 1966; Systems, Lucy Milton Gallery, and Systems touring show from Whitechapel Art Gallery, both 1972; Open Field, Reading Art Gallery, 1973; and Nature as Material, Arts Council, 1980. Solo exhibitions included AIA, 1965; Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, 1978; Vancouver Art Gallery, 1982; and Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Bretton Hall, 2000.