(b Huesca, 22 Sept. 1930; d Cuenca, 22 July 1998). Spanish painter, draughtsman, and printmaker, active mainly in Madrid. He was self-taught and began painting during a long illness in 1947. His early work was Surrealist and while he was living in Paris from 1953 to 1955 he met the founder of the movement, André Breton. Back in Spain, however, he quickly abandoned Surrealism for a violently expressive semi-abstract style that has been seen as one of the most forceful protests against the Franco regime (his change of direction was partly inspired by the brutal suppression of student demonstrations soon after his return to Madrid). The stormy atmosphere and thickly textured figures in his work create a feeling of tortured humanity (Great Crucifixion, 1963, Boymans Mus.