American painter, born in Seattle, Washington. She studied psychology and an interest in perception informs much of her painting. In the 1950s her work was strongly influenced by *Abstract Expressionism, but she is best known for the *Minimalist paintings of the 1960s and 1970s. These were in a sense a riposte to the theories of artists such as *Judd and *Morris that painting was outdated because it was too tied to illusionism. Refuting Morris in a letter of 1967 she wrote: ‘A painting is an object which has an emphatic frontal surface. On such a surface, I paint a black band which does not recede, a colour band which does not obtrude, a white square or rectangle which does not move back or forth, to or fro, or up or down; there is also a painted white exterior frame band which is edged round the edge to the black.