Designer and mosaicist, born in Germany, where he studied poster design in Jupp Wiertz’s Berlin studio, 1934–5, before emigrating to South Africa. Was a freelance designer in Cape Town, moving to London in 1948. Between 1950–74 produced many posters for the London Underground, and did work on the Blackhorse Road tube station. Was a member of the Art Workers’ Guild, 1966–9.