Indian painter, born in Goa. After being expelled from the Jamshetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art, Bombay, in 1943, he joined the Communist Party of India and painted for a short while in a *Social Realist manner. In 1946 he founded the Progressive Artists' Group to promote modern art. He left India for London in 1949, after two of his paintings were removed from a Bombay exhibition on the grounds of obscenity. Following some difficult years, he had a number of successful exhibitions at Gallery One, London. His style was *Expressionist, his subject-matter was the city, the nude, and, most powerfully of all, religious images, as in Crucifixion (1959, Tate). Following public scandal over his marriage to a much younger woman in 1964, Souza went to New York.